Assessment+4


 * 4.0 INTRODUCTION**

In this chapter we discuss about two parts, findings and discussion. In our findings, we illustrate data collection that had been analyzed into graph form. In the discussion part, we discuss about our result that we get from the survey and relate it to our literature review.


 * 4.1 FINDINGS**
 * 4.1.1 Ages of our respondents**



Figure 4.1.1.1 Range of age of respondents begin to smoke Figure 4.1.1.1 illustrates the number of respondents with their age when they begin to smoke. We categorized the age as primary school period (8-12), secondary school period (13-17), and after school period (18-22). From the finding, the intermediate period, secondary school period is the highest number of the respondents started smoking, which states 31 respondents. The number of respondents started smoking in primary school period is 2 and after school period is 27.


 * 4.1.2 Factors that affect students from smoking**



Figure 4.1.2.1 : The main reasons students started smoking The pie chart above illustrates the percentage of the main reasons why UMP students started to smoke. From the findings, 42% of 60 respondents admitted that they started smoking because of friends influences. This shows that friends influence is the major factors of students smoking behavior in UMP. There are 23% of the students are smoking because of environment factors and for fun respectively. 7% of the students smoke because of family’s influence. 3 of the respondents did not fill the required answer gives 5% as no comments answer.

Figure 4.1.2.2: Factors of friends to influence smoking The pie chart illustrates regarding friends influence to smoke. From 60 respondents, 52% of them said that just some of their friends are smoking. 40% of the respondents said that most of their friends are smoking and 8% of them have none smoking friends.



Figure 4.1.2.3 : Factor of family to influence smoking The bar chart above shows family is one of the factors that can affect students to smoke. From the data collection, 20 of the respondents have a father who smoke which give the strongest influence to the children. Brothers also give influence to the students where 16 of the respondents said that their brother are smoking. 



Figure 4.1.3.1: Health problem related to smoking.

Figure 4.1.3.1 illustrates the health problem related to smoking. According to the graph, the highest is NO is 60% that means not many students suffering because of smoking whereas YES is 40% as lower than NO. It can be concluded, a lot of students at UMP not have a problems due to smoking. This can be seen on figure 4.1.3.1.



Figure 4.1.3.2: Kind of health problem

Figure 4.1.3.2 illustrates the pie chart about kind of problem of health problem. According to the pie chart, majority out of 53% of 60 respondents shows cough health problem and very few respondents that are 6% out of   60   respondents’ shows that heart disease heath problem and chest pain problem. Moreover, the chart also shows that 23% out of 60 respondents are asthma health problem and 12% out of 60 respondents are wheeze problem. It can be concluded, most of respondents have cough problem.



Figure 4.1.3.3: Rating of health

The pie chart indicates rating of health. As shown, the highest percentage (48%) of students good whereas the lower percentage (3%) of student is poor. There are 37% of respondents who have responded that fair about health and 12% respondents that excellent. It can be concluded that, the rating of health at UMP student are good.


 * 4.1.4 The ways of smoking prevention**

Figure 4.1.4.1 : The ways of smoking prevention The pie chart described the percentage of ways of smoking prevention voted by our 60 respondents. The highest vote is give exposure on smoking such as its dangers and effects to health. Increasing the price of cigarette and impose penalties to cigarette sellers are both shown 16% respectively. The findings state that 15% of the respondents are vote for impose penalties to smokers as the prevention ways. Besides that, practicing eating nicotine chewing gum and consuming a lot of plain water give percentage 11% and 10% respectively. Lastly 13% of the respondents agree that getting advice from family or friends as the way of smoking prevention. **4.2.1 Factors that affect students from smoking** Based on Figure 4.1.2.1 and Figure 4.1.2.2, we found that friend is one of the factors in influencing students from smoking. Refer to Figure 4.1.2.1, friends influence give the highest percentage that is 43%. The finding is similar with Faucher (2003) where she states that peer pressure is one of the factors in initiating smoking behaviour. **4.2.1.2 Factor influenced by environment** According to Koval, et al.,(2000) and Faucher (2003), they state that environment is also the factor of smoking. It can be shown in Figure 4.1.2.1 where 23% of the respondents admit that they smoke because of environment factors including stress, sad, bored and to escape pressure. According to Figure 4.1.2.2 : Factor of family to influence smoking, the findings state family can give influence to students to start smoking is similar with Faucher (2003) where she states that "the family and school are the most important social contexts that influence adolescent risk behavior" (Faucher, 2003;cf Rutter, 1993). In the graph, father and brother are the major influence of smoking behaviour. **4.2.2 Kind of health problem **
 * 4.2 DISCUSSION**
 * 4.2.1.1 Factor influenced by friends**
 * 4.2.1.3 Factor of family to influence smoking**

Based on Figure 4.1.3.2 Kind of health problem, we found that respondents give the highest vote (53%) for cough health problem whereas the lower vote (6%) for heart attack and chest pain. More result is (23%) for asthma and (12%) for wheeze. The result is similar with Punturieri, et al (2009) and Duffy , et al (2002) in their article where the focused in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

**4.2.3 The ways of smoking prevention** Based on Figure 4.1.4.1 : The ways of smoking prevention, we found that respondents give the highest vote(19%) for give exposure on smoking as the smoking prevention way. The result is similar with Muller-Riemenschneider, et al (2008) and Lantz, et al. (2000) in their article where the focused in school base education intervention and community intervention. ** 4.2.3.2 Tobacco Excise Taxes** According to Lantz, et al. (2000), increasing price of cigarette, impose penalties to smokers and cigarette sellers are some ways on how to prevent smoking. They are similar with the findings that we get refer to Figure 4.1.4.1 where the percentage of increasing the price of cigarette is 16%, impose penalties to smokers is 15% and impose penalties to cigarette sellers is 16%.
 * 4.2.3.1 Exposure on dangers of smoking **