Reezaddin's+Literature+Review


 * Literature Review Grid of Common Points **

**Research Question:** How does smoking affect student’s health? **Possible Answers:** Smoking can affect the health of students as in a cigarette contains many hazardous chemicals that cause students to diseases such as cancer of the lungs, diabetes, cancer and head and neck.

States and worldwide. They share a common environmental risk factor in cigarette smoke exposure and a genetic predisposition represented by the incidence of these diseases in only a fraction of smokers ||  ||   || leaner than non-smokers, but on the other hand there is an increased tendency for accumulation of abdominal fat. This is related to increased production of adipokines, cytokines And other markers of chronic inflammation. In addition, it has been shown that smokers are generally more insulin resistant than non-smokers and exhibit several aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome ||   || for head and neck cancer and, when combined, have a synergistic rather than additive effect [16,17]. Moreover, continued smoking and alcohol intake after the first diagnosis of head and neck cancer significantly increases the likelihood of developing a second malignancy. It also adversely affects survival after the occurrence of a second cancer ||
 * ** Author’s Names ** ||   ** Lung Cancer **   ||   ** Diabetes **   ||   ** Head and cancer neck **   ||
 * Punturieri,A., Szabo, L., Croxton , D., Shapiro , M. Dubinett. || -Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United
 * H. Fagard, M. Nilsson ||  || -It is well known that smokers as a group tend to be
 * Duffy, Terrell, Valenstein, L. Ronis,, A. Copeland, Connors, ||  ||   || -Smoking and alcohol intake are independent risk factors

=1.0 INTRODUCTION= Smoking is a practice where tobacco is burned and the smoke is inhaled. This combustion releases the active substances in drug such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption through the lungs. Smoking is a common form of recreational drug use. It can also be done as a part of ritual and spiritual enlightenment. The common method of smoking is through cigarettes, pipes, cigars, hookahs and bongs. Tobacco smoking is popular form of smoking and is practiced by majority of all human society. Some of substances or drugs that are smoked are considered to be addictive and classified as hard narcotics. From smoking, we are prone to dangerous diseases the disease is not infectious diseases such as HIV, SARS, H1N1, but this kind of disease that comes from you. Smokings not only endanger themselves but it also endangers those around him. People who smoke are putting themselves in danger, causing skin and clothes stink. people who are around smokers are inhaling smoke from the air that is released by smokers is passive smoking because they do not smoke but had to share the air that was polluted by tobacco smoke. Smoker inhales only 15% of cigarette smoke on his blotting but 85% more for those who are around him to breathe. =2.0 LUNG CANCER= With cigarette smoking, smokers are easily diagnosed diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this point out by ( Punturieri, A., et al 2009 ). People today suffer from the disease is detected and the cause of death is highest in the world. Cigarette smoke exhaled by smokers contains more than 4000 toxic chemicals that can harm and even death. In this way each, suction is similar to a suction death. The contents of cigarette smoke include radioactive substances (polonium-201) and the materials used in paints (acetone), floor cleaner (ammonia), mothball (naphthalene), and pesticides (DDT), termite poisons. However, pesticides are the lowest tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. The smokers not only are responsible to ourselves but to the community’s responsibility for blowing the smoke are toxic. With the exhaled cigarette toxins inhaled by smokers it themselves and those around him would go into the cavity of the mouth and nose through the throat and lungs. Content carried by the cigarette smoke will damage tissue in the body during the trip. As a result, it will cause various diseases in the mouth, throat, lungs and cancer. =3.0 DIABETES= Many diseases are classified as infectious diseases that can lead to death such as tuberculosis, malaria, H1N1, HIV, but some human diseases result from self-believer diabetes, cancer, heart disease and stroke. Of human diseases that result from some very dangerous disease known as ‘Chronic disease is not infectious' (CNCD). Between the diseases included in the category CNCD is related to cardio vascular diseases, diabetes type two classes that caused nearly twice the mortality in the world compared to other diseases. Smoking is an unhealthy practice and the most dangerous in the world because it will cause many diseases that result from high-risk themselves. Therefore, we must refrain from smoking. Classes of diabetes type 2 which can lead to death are very feared by the world community but many still do not stop smoking on personal factors. My statement is supported by journal from ( Fagard R. H., et al 2009); smokers are more insulin resistant than non-smokers who also showed some aspects of insulin. Besides, that known as the smoker is more likely in increase in fat than non-smokers. This is associated with increased production of adipokines, cytokines and other signs of chronic opinion. **4.0 HEAD AND NECK CANCER** The effects of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases deadly. Smoking also is associated with higher levels of chronic inflammation, another damaging process that may result in oxidative stress. Sonia A. Duffy (2002) comment previous research indicates that smoking and alcohol intake the main risk factors for head and neck cancer and depressive disorders often go undetected and untreated among these patients. For head and neck cancer patients, emotional status and mental health affect their global quality of life scores and disability status. Some people when they know they have cancer but still continued smoking the first diagnosis of head and neck cancer significantly increases the likelihood of developing a second malignancy. It also adversely affects survival after the occurrence of a second cancer. Tar in cigarettes was some effect can cause lung and throat cancer in smokers. It is also responsible for the yellow brown staining on smokers’ fingers and teeth. Carbon monoxide in cigarettes robs the muscles, brain and blood of oxygen, making the whole body especially the heart. Over time this causes airways to narrow and blood pressure to rise, and can lead to heart attack and stroke. =5.0 CONCLUSION= We can conclude that smoking is a major cause of death in the world. At society generally knows very dangerous at smoke anywhere. Smokers and non smokers will be affected by this Chronic illness when the Smell of cigarette smoke exhaled by smokers. Cigarette smoke contains as many highly toxic chemicals like tar, pesticides, carbon monoxide and others. From smoking, we can down the dangerous infection Diseases. So, stop smoking to our lives and our loved ones protected from dangerous Diseases such as diabetes, lung cancer, head and neck cancer. Avoid smoking because it will make you become addicted to the body as long Jitter cannot smoke. How much has been done to curb the activities of smoking, but smokers still ignore it even more increased. By the smoker must read and heard about the effects of smoking. Activities such as meditation can be aware of the dangers of smoking smokers. There is a saying "every inhalation is fatal". =6.0 REFERENCE=

 Punturieri, A., Szabo, E., Croxton, T.L., Shapiro, S.D., and Dubinett, S.M., (2009), Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive  Pulmonary Disease: Needs and Opportunities for Integrated Research Needs and Opportunities for Integrated Research. // J Natl Cancer Inst //, pg554-559.   Duffy, S.A., Terrell, J.E., Valenstein, M., Ronis, D.L., Copeland, L.A., and Connors, M., (2002), Effect of smoking, alcohol, and depression on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients//. General Hospital Psychiatry 24, //pg140–147. Fagard, R.H., and Nilsson, P.M., (2009), Smoking and diabetes-The double health hazard!. // Primary care diabetes 3 //, pg205-209

Reezaddin Bin Che Sulong ( CA09128)- Effect Of Smoking

[|Effect of smoking, alcohol, and depression on the quality of life of.pdf] [|Interventions for promoting smoking cessation during.pdf] [|Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.pdf] === ** The articles seem okay. However I am not too sure about the relevance of Article 2. Please check again. Ainol ** ===

updated article:

[[file:Stroke.pdf]] This article is too old!!! 1983 is totally not acceptable
updated for new article: